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Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Working alone as well as with George H. Hitchings, Elion developed a multitude of new drugs, using innovative research methods that would later lead to the development of the AIDS drug AZT.Born in New York City to immigrant parents, she graduated from Hunter College in 1937 and New York University (M.Sc.) in 1941. Unable to obtain a graduate research position due to her gender, she worked as a lab assistant and a high school teacher. Later, she left to work as an assistant to George H. Hitchings at the Burroughs-Wellcome pharmaceutical company (now GlaxoSmithKline). She never obtained a formal Ph.D., but was later awarded an honorary Ph.D from Polytechnic University of New York in 1989 and honorary SD degree from Harvard university in 1998.Rather than relying on trial-and-error, Elion and Hitchings used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens (disease-causing agents) to design drugs that could kill or inhibit the reproduction of particular pathogens without harming the host cells.Elion's inventions include:6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol), the first treatment for leukemia.Azathioprine (Imuran), the first immuno-suppressive agent, used for organ transplants.Allopurinol (Zyloprim), for gout.Pyrimethamine (Daraprim), for malaria.Trimethoprim (Septra), for meningitis, septicemia, and bacterial infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts.Acyclovir (Zovirax), for viral herpes.In 1988 Elion received the Nobel Prize in Medicine, together with Hitchings and Sir James Black. Other awards include the National Medal of Science (1991) and the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award (1997). In 1991 she became the first woman to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In Tom Brokaw's Greatest Generation, there is a chapter devoted to her.Gertrude Elion died in North Carolina in 1999, aged 81. She had moved to the Research Triangle in 1970, and for a time served as a research professor at Duke University. She was unmarried.
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Gertrude B. Elion - Autobiography - Nobelprize.org
Nobelprize.org, The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/elion-autobio.html
Gertrude B. Elion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gertrude Elion died in North Carolina in 1999, aged 81. She had moved to the Research Triangle in 1970, and for a time served as a research professor at Duke University.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion
Gertrude B. Elion, January 23, 1918—February 21, 1999 | By Mary ...
IN THE SPRING OF 1933 Gertrude Elion graduated from high school and that summer she had to select a major subject before she could begin her freshman year at Hunter ...
http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/gelion.html
Women of Valor - Gertrude Elion - Overview | Jewish Women's Archive
Overview Gertrude Elion, 1918 – 1999 "It's amazing how much you can accomplish when you don't care who gets the credit." Gertrude Elion's accomplishments over the ...
http://jwa.org/historymakers/elion
Gertrude B. Elion: Biography from Answers.com
There she worked for many years with George Herbert Hitchings, co-recipient with Gertrude Elion of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988. Together, they pioneered ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/gertrude-b-elion
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Gertrude B. Elion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGertrude Elion died in North Carolina in 1999, aged 81. She had moved to the Research Triangle in 1970, and for a time served as a research professor at Duke University. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._ElionGeorge H. Hitchings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIn 1942, he went to work for Wellcome Research Laboratories, where he began working with Gertrude Elion in 1944. Drugs Hitchings' team worked on included 2,6-diaminopurine ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Hitchings + www.nap.edu (1 page)
Gertrude B. Elion, January 23, 1918—February 21, 1999 | By Mary ...IN THE SPRING OF 1933 Gertrude Elion graduated from high school and that summer she had to select a major subject before she could begin her freshman year at Hunter ... http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/gelion.html + jwa.org (2 pages)
Women of Valor - Gertrude Elion - Overview | Jewish Women's ArchiveOverview Gertrude Elion, 1918 – 1999 "It's amazing how much you can accomplish when you don't care who gets the credit." Gertrude Elion's accomplishments over the ... http://jwa.org/historymakers/elionGertrude Elion | Jewish Women's Archiveby Kristine Larsen. Gertrude (“Trudy”) Belle Elion’s greatest legacy is the thousands of lives touched by the drugs she and her associates developed for the ... http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/elion-gertrude-belle + www.answers.com (1 page)
Gertrude B. Elion: Biography from Answers.comThere she worked for many years with George Herbert Hitchings, co-recipient with Gertrude Elion of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988. Together, they pioneered ... http://www.answers.com/topic/gertrude-b-elion + www.achievement.org (2 pages)
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Gertrude B. Elion – FREE Gertrude B. Elion information ...There she worked for many years with George Herbert Hitchings, co-recipient with Gertrude Elion of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988. Together, they pioneered ... http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404701984.htmlGertrude Belle Elion Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ...However in 1988, in awarding the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine to Gertrude Elion and her colleague at the Burroughs. Wellcome Pharmaceutical Laboratories, George ... http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Gertrude_Belle_Elion.aspx + www.imdb.com (1 page)
Gertrude Elion - IMDbTrivia: Biography in: "American National Biography". Supplement 1, pp. 185-186. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. See more trivia » http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0253635/ + www.uh.edu (1 page)
No. 649: Gertrude Elion - University of HoustonGertrude Elion, Nobel Prize winning inventor of medicines ... GERTRUDE ELION by John H. Lienhard. Click here for audio of Episode 649. For a Spanish language version ... http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi649.htm + www.inventionatplay.org (1 page)
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Gertrude B. Elion Winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in MedicineGertrude Elion : Master Chemist (Masters of Invention) by Stephanie St. Pierre (Library Binding - June 1993) Books on the Pharmaceutical Chemistry http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/medicine/1988b.html + web.mit.edu (2 pages)
Winners' Circle: Gertrude Elion - MIT - Massachusetts Institute of ...Powerless to help her grandfather fight cancer and her fiancé combat a life-threatening bacterial infection, Gertrude "Trudy" Elion ... http://web.mit.edu/invent/a-winners/a-elion.htmlInventor of the Week: Archive - MIT - Massachusetts Institute of ...In 1988, Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for Medicine (an honor she shared with George Hitchings). In 1991, Elion won the National Medal of Science. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/elion2.html + www.medicinenet.com (1 page)
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Gertrude Elion - Biography, Facts and Pictures“Don't be afraid of hard work. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Don't let others discourage you or tell you that you can't do it. In my day I was told http://www.famousscientists.org/gertrude-b-elion/ + www.kids.esdb.bg (1 page)
Gertrude Elion - Energy and kidsGertrude Belle Elion was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Born in New York City to ... http://www.kids.esdb.bg/elion.html + breastcancer.about.com (1 page)
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The My Hero Project - Gertrude B. ElionMuch of the information for this story came from Gertrude Elion's own autobiography, which you can read in full on the Official Nobel Foundation Website (see links). http://www.myhero.com/hero.asp?hero=gertrudebelion + www.amazon.com (2 pages)
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Display all results + www.swaebr.org (1 page) + www.picsearch.com (2 pages) + www.cafepress.com (1 page) Gertrude Elion Christmas Greeting Cards | Funny & Cute Gertrude ...Browse through 100s of [Currentsearchterm] style Greeting Cards. Personalization Options & More. Large selection of Funny, Cute, & Unique greeting cards for any occasion. http://www.cafepress.com/+gertrude-elion+greeting_cards + answers.yahoo.com (2 pages) + sandwalk.blogspot.com (1 page) Sandwalk: Nobel Laureates: George Hitchings and Gertrude ElionThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988. "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" Gertrude B. Elion (1918 - 1995) and ... http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2008/11/nobel-laureates-george-hitchings-and.html + www.inventored.org (1 page) InventorEd's Inventor Resource Internet Pages. Information about ...About: Dr. Gertrude Elion MIT & Gertrude Belle Elion Burroughs Wellcome Fund Hitchings-Elion Fellowship Program AACR Elion Search http://www.inventored.org/inventors/Elion/ + www.tvguide.com (1 page) + theoncologist.alphamedpress.org (2 pages) + www.invent.org (1 page) Gertrude Belle Elion - Invent Now | Hall of Fame | Search ...Gertrude Belle Elion Born Jan 23 1918 - Died Feb 21 1999 2-Amino-6-Mercaptopurine Anti-Leukemia drugs Patent Number(s) 2,884,667 http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/51.html + www.wordiq.com (1 page) Gertrude Elion - Definition | WordIQ.com - Dictionary ...Gertrude - Example Usage: Lemondrops27: @SarahMPottratz Rosalind Franklin,Alessandra Giliani (b.1307),Gertrude Belle Elion,Rachel Carson,Marie Curie http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Gertrude_Elion + www.infoplease.com (2 pages) Gertrude Belle Elion — Infoplease.comMore on Gertrude Belle Elion from Infoplease: Gertrude Belle Elion - Gertrude Belle Elion Born: 1918 Birthplace: New York City 6-Mercaptopurine—Elion synthesized ... http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0817086.htmlWomen Nobel Prize Winners — Infoplease.comGertrude Elion (Physiology or Medicine, 1988) Gertrude Elion is the only woman inventor inducted into The Inventors Hall of Fame. She invented the leukemia-fighting ... http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0801697.html + www.chemistryexplained.com (1 page) + www.authorstream.com (1 page) + articles.latimes.com (1 page) Gertrude Elion; Nobel-Winning Scientist - Los Angeles TimesGertrude Belle Elion, Nobel laureate who helped create drugs to combat such diseases as leukemia and herpes, has died at the age of 81. Elion, who held 45 patents ... http://articles.latimes.com/1999/feb/23/news/mn-10797 + www.freebase.com (1 page) + dictionary.reference.com (1 page) + pagerankstudio.com (1 page) + people.famouswhy.com (1 page) Gertrude B. Elion Biography, Pictures, Images, Videos - FamousWhy- Gertrude Elion - Elion Sucher - Gertrude Michael - Gertrude Mudge - Gertrude Starr - Gertrude Valentine - Gertrude Garner - Gertrude Rook - Gertrude Garrett http://people.famouswhy.com/gertrude_b__elion/ + portal.acs.org (1 page) + www.bookrags.com (1 page) Gertrude B. Elion Biography | BookRags.comBorn in New York City in 1918, Gertrude Elion graduated from Hunter College with a B.A. degree in chemistry in 1937. In the midst of the Great Depression it was ... http://www.bookrags.com/biography/gertrude-b-elion/ + www.isar-icar.com (1 page) ISAR Awards - International Society for Antiviral ResearchPast recipients have been: Erik DeClercq, Gertrude Elion, William Prusoff, and Richard J. Whitley. Gertrude Elion Memorial Lecture Award . GlxoSmithKline has established ... http://www.isar-icar.com/?page=Awards + www.researchover.com (1 page) + www.biography.com (1 page) + monod.biomath.nyu.edu (1 page) + www.amazon.ca (1 page) Me & Isaac Newton: Karol Sikora, Ashok Gadgil, Paul G. Allen ...Me & Isaac Newton: Karol Sikora, Ashok Gadgil, Paul G. Allen, Gertrude Elion, Michio Kaku, Maja Mataric, Steven Pinker, Patricia Wright, Maryse Alberti, Michael Apted ... http://www.amazon.ca/Me-Isaac-Newton-Karol-Sikora/dp/B000059HE4 + www.ncmuseumofhistory.org (1 page) A Life-saving Team: Gertrude Elion and Dr. George Hitchings1 ©2007 North Carolina Museum of History Office of Archives and History, N.C. Department of Cultural Resources A Life-saving Team: Gertrude Elion and Dr. George ... http://www.ncmuseumofhistory.org/collateral/articles/f06.life.saving.team.pdf + www.britannica.com (1 page) + www.hindu.com (1 page) + www.coinsweekly.com (1 page) Medal commemorates Nobel Prize in Medicine winner Gertrude ElionMedal commemorates Nobel Prize in Medicine winner Gertrude Elion. by Mel Wacks December 22, 2011 – The Jewish-American Hall of Fame issued its first limited edition ... http://www.coinsweekly.com/en/News/4?&id=941 + www.publicbroadcasting.net (1 page) + www.awisco.osu.edu (1 page) Gertrude - Welcome to Ohio State - The Ohio State UniversityGertrude Elion: The Healing Chemist, Inspired by Love. Life is indeed darkness save when there is urge, And all urge is blind http://www.awisco.osu.edu/Tributes.html + www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (1 page) The Nobel chronicles. 1988: James Whyte Black, (b 1924), Gertrude ...1. Lancet. 2000 Mar 18;355(9208):1022. The Nobel chronicles. 1988: James Whyte Black, (b 1924), Gertrude Elion (1918-99), and George H Hitchings (1905-98). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10768469 + www.pbs.org (1 page) A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Drugs developed for ...Drugs developed for leukemia 1950. Gertrude Elion (b. 1918) found out about the Burroughs Wellcome drug company through her father, a dentist; the company had sent a ... http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm50le.html + www.fau.edu (1 page) American Jewish Inductees of the National Inventors Hall of FameGertrude Elion was always encouraging children to pursue scientific careers, especially the girls. She made science fun and exciting when working with children. http://www.fau.edu/library/inventors_hf07.htm + encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com (1 page) Elion, Gertrude definition of Elion, Gertrude in the Free Online ...Elion, Gertrude (Belle) (born Jan. 23, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.—died Feb. 21, 1999, Chapel Hill, N.C.) U.S. pharmacologist. She graduated from Hunter College. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Elion%2c+Gertrude + www.history.co.uk (1 page) Elion, Gertrude (Belle) - Encyclopedia Britannica - on HistoryFull Name: Gertrude Elion. Nationality: American | Activity: American scientist. Born: 23-01-1918 | Died: 21-02-1999 http://www.history.co.uk/encyclopedia/elion-gertrude-belle-.html + www.trueknowledge.com (2 pages) + www.findingdulcinea.com (1 page) + facultystaff.richmond.edu (1 page) Students meet Gertrude Elion, Nobel Laureate in Medicine 1988,HWS Chemistry majors meet Nobel Prize Laureates!!!!! Professor Roald Hoffmann, Nobel in Chemistry 1981, hosted the First Year Seminar Class for lunch and a tour of ... https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~cparish/nobel.htm + curiosity.discovery.com (1 page) + www.pfeist.net (1 page) 6-Mercaptopurine and 6-Thioguanine - Patty's Home PageGertrude Elion and 6MP. More Information. Some abstracts on 6MP and 6TG, on the K.O.A.L.A. site. (Excellent resource.)Designing Drugs: Gertrude Elion, on Invention and ... http://www.pfeist.net/ALL/mercaptopurine.html + www.thefreedictionary.com (2 pages) Elion - definition of Elion by the Free Online Dictionary ...Elion, Gertrude Elion, Gertrude B. Elion, Gertrude Belle Elion, Gertrude Belle Elios Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot George Eliot George Eliot Junior College Committee http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ElionElion Gertrude Belle - definition of Elion Gertrude Belle by the ...Elion, Gertrude Elion, Gertrude B. Elion, Gertrude Belle Elion, Gertrude Belle Elios Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot George Eliot George Eliot Junior College Committee http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Elion+Gertrude+Belle + www.zoominfo.com (1 page) + uk.ask.com (1 page) + www.courtesyassocevents.com (1 page) + www.sjmv.org (1 page) + medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com (1 page) Elion - definition of Elion in the Medical dictionary - by the ...Elion, Gertrude Elion, Gertrude B. Elion, Gertrude Belle Elion, Gertrude Belle Elios Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot Eliot George Eliot George Eliot Junior College Committee http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Elion + www.netposterworks.com (1 page) Heroes of Science & Technology Educational Posters SeriesHeroes of Science & Technology Educational Posters Series: 14 great scientists and technologists: Archimedes, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin, Gertrude ... http://www.netposterworks.com/history/heroscitech.html + www.childrensbookguild.org (1 page) + vimeo.com (1 page) North Carolina's Research Triangle Park: An Investment in the ...The film features Nobel Prize winner Gertrude Elion, former UNC president Bill Friday, former N.C. governor Jim Hunt, and many others. http://vimeo.com/11199745 + www.oldies.com (1 page) Me & Isaac Newton DVD (1999) Directed by Michael Apted; Homevision ...Me & Isaac Newton - DVD (1999) for $17.21 from OLDIES.com Documentaries Directed by Michael Apted; Produced by Jody Patton; Featured: Gertrude Elion; Ashok Gadgil ... http://www.oldies.com/product-view/65402M.html + library.thinkquest.org (1 page) Women in science - Biology - Gertrude B. Elion PerlmanA plaque awarded to Dr. Gertrude Elion by Ohio State University may best sum up her life's work: "The achievements of Gertrude B. Elion will continue to have a profound ... http://library.thinkquest.org/20117/perlman.html + www.women-scientists-in-history.com (1 page) Historia- Elion, Gertrude Belle - SplashLink: Biographical Memoirs - Gertrude Elion Please feel free to email the webmaster with any suggestions, links or comments! Information adapted from History of ... http://www.women-scientists-in-history.com/elion.html + pt.wikipedia.org (1 page) Gertrude Elion – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livreGertrude Belle Elion (Nova Iorque , 23 de Janeiro de 1918 — Chapel Hill , 21 de Fevereiro de 1999) foi uma bioquímica estadunidense . Foi agraciada com o Nobel de ... http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Elion + english.turkcebilgi.com (1 page) Gertrude B. Elion - Turkcebilgi English SectionGeorge H. Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion "for their ... http://english.turkcebilgi.com/Gertrude+B.+Elion |
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